Tuesday, October 18, 2011

Pest Control & Companion Planting: Cabbage White Butterfly

The problem with being on holiday in springtime is that I am thinking about the garden the whole time - if you didn't know it by now I am telling you, gardeners are obsessive!  I don't know if you have noticed but gardeners never sit in their gardens - they are always doing something.  No sooner so I sit down with a cup of tea and a the paper and I am up; pulling out that weed, marvelling at something that has just begun to flower, harvesting beans that need picking and pulling off caterpillars.  In fact, that was the first thing I did when I returned from my holiday - walked out into the garden and did a health inspection.  Because, after all - early intervention often saves a whole crop of food.  The rest of it can wait; dead-heading flowers, pruning shrubs, weeding, mulching, mowing - unimportant compared with my food plants.  Mostly everything looked pretty healthy apart from these!
Caterpillar of the cabbage white butterfly
WHAT: I only had to look at my kale plants to see that they were being devastated by the caterpillar of the cabbage white butterfly.  Tell-tale holes, munching of the new growth and it didn't take long before I spotted those well-fed green culprits camouflaged along the mid-rib of the leaves.  

I  turned over a few leaves and saw the little patchwork clumps of eggs waiting to hatch out into the damaging caterpillar stage.



Look for clumps of eggs on the underside of the leaves.  These were on my kale plants and are already hatching out into the damaging caterpillar stage

WHO: The adult cabbage white butterfly(c.w.b.) is a small creamy/white butterfly with two black spots on it's wings and it is only interested in plants in the brassica(cabbage) family.  This is where an understanding of vegetable families, and companion planting is going to make you a better gardener.  

HOW:  The cabbage white butterfly is not attracted to any plant that is not in the brassica family.  So what do smart gardeners do?  They interplant with those from another family because the c.w.b. will leave those alone. They may be so confused that they don't even settle on your brassica plants and fly off to someone else's garden where they have conveniently planted their cabbages in neat rows!!  (Does nature ever do that?)



Understanding how your garden works is a lot about observation.  Follow a c.w.b. around the garden and see that it has to land three times on a brassica plant before it settles and starts to lay it's eggs.  If it is confused by other plants of a different smell, size, shape, flower - it will head off somewhere else - this is what companion planting is all about.

What do you notice about the beetroot leaves in the above photo - not one munch hole - that is because beetroot is in a different family (chenopidaceae) - it is not a brassica so the c.w.b. will leave it alone.  In fact most of the plants in this family are pretty pest free - this is a good reason to interplant them among your brassicas - it helps confuse the c.w.b., assists with passive crop rotation and means that you always have something to eat.  Let's start with these two families and watch the whole companion planting story unfold from here!

BRASSICACEAE:  cabbage, broccoli, kale, radish, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, rocket, swede, turnip, bok choy, chum soy, mustard greens.  (You will notice that the stronger smelling and hairiest of these almost never get attacked by the c.w.b. i.e. mustard greens, radish and rocket)
CHENOPIDACEAE:  beetroot, spinach, silver beet, chard, sorrel, amaranth, quinoa.

Being cabbages.  Students at a workshop in Bali role playing the cabbage white butterfly and companion planting story. Who said gardening was boring?
  • Control of the cabbage white butterfly:  Try fooling the butterfly by placing pieces of eggshell  around the garden (the theory is that they will think that there is already a butterfly there and fly off). 
  • Interplant with lots of strong smelling herbs like basil, fennel, parsley, dill and tall flowers like cosmos, zinnia and marigolds - this creates confusion to the c.w.b.  When they flower they have the added benefit of encouraging beneficial insects that wants to do a lot of the work for you.  Do this first - don't reach for the spray can because you will be killing off the goodies too!
  • Make your garden a safe haven for their natural predators - birds and lizards - and don't keep domestic pets that will scare them off.  I have an opportunist magpie that follows me around the garden waiting for me to pick off any caterpillars I find.  Provide areas of ground-hugging shrubbery and lots of shallow bird baths to encourage them.
  • Last resort-spray with Dipel. This is a bascillus that only affects the gut of caterpillars and is safe to use for organic gardeners.
MOST GARDEN PEST CONTROL IS UNNECESSARY - some cause more problems than they solve - be patient - let's grow things, not kill them.
Holiday reading - gardening magazines!



12 comments:

Anonymous said...

This is GREAT information, THANK YOU!!

Grow Food ! Slow Food said...

Thank you - it's like solving the clues to a crossword puzzle, one by one. It's fantastic that there is always something knew to learn - I know I do.

Anonymous said...

Thanks! Intercropping seems to be VERY deceptive for the cabbage white butterfly and a really great alternative to chemicals in the garden. Also, keep that magpie companion a-comin'...

Unknown said...

I'm happy that so many readers have found this information useful (it is the most read post!). Let nature be your guide - she's the genius! Diane

Unknown said...
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Unknown said...

I was doing some maintenance work in the garden when I noticed a pretty white butterfly around the broccoli. After it had flown away I went in for a closer inspection. I looked on the underside of the leaves and sure enough found what looked like eggs. I picked of the eggs and inspected the rest of the plants. There were eggs on just about all of them. I was thinking a good protection for them was to cut out the bottom of a used coke bottle and placing that over the plants. Ok while they're young but the bottle wouldn't be large enough when they're fully grown. It would also protect them from root fly I think?

Unknown said...

You have done the right thing by removing the eggs. Go to my recent post on 'Love Your Bugs' to find out about how to attract natural predators to your garden that will control the cabbage white butterfly (and other pests). Kindly. Diane

Anonymous said...

Hi Diane
I notice cwb eggs on my kale leaves. I sprinkled with tomato dust. Did I do the correct thing? what should I do now?
Thanks
Pradha

Unknown said...

Tomato dust usually refers to the fungicide made up of sulfur and copper oxychloride so will not control eggs of the CWB - it's purpose is to control fungal disease. Either remove the eggs by hand, hose off or use Dipel. You don't want to be eating food that you have treated with chemicals.

Anonymous said...

Glenys Evans
That's great I am certainly going to implement your ideas!

Anonymous said...

That's great I am certainly going to implement your ideas. Glenys Evans

Unknown said...

The gorgeous post learned a great deal Thanks greatly!click